In an attempt to verify our suspicion and confirm the expectation, 420 senior secondary school students made up of 210 males and 210 females aged between and 19 years responded to test anxiety, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms inventories. Assessing childrens anxiety using the modified short. The atrait scale measures longerterm trait anxiety, which addresses how the child generally feels. Is the most widely used, and therefore the international standard. State trait anxiety inventory stai measures how the subject feels right now on 40 items with answer choices of 1 not at all almost never, 2 somewhatsometimes, 3 moderately so often, and 4 very much so almost always the behavior observation scale plataniasolazzo et al 1992 was completed radial pulse rates were taken for 30 seconds prior to and after the massage session. State trait anger scale carrying this concept further, spielberger distinguished between state and trait anger.
According to spielberger 1980, test anxiety inventory is especially designed to measure the test anxiety of high school and college students. Download stai spielberger state trait anxiety inventory categories view all login register. Both the anxiety and the needforinformation scale showed good psychometric properties and were feasible in clinical practice. Spielberger, gorsuch, and lushene 1970 to provide an. The development of the anxiety scale for pregnancy asp was based on his research of state anxiety.
The cfas included multiple group analyses which were employed. Spielberger developed the stai in the context of his experimental work on the links between anxiety and learning ability, and reflected limitations in existing measures of anxiety for use in such research 2. Finally, the instrument gives a scoring on the childs level of anxiety. Spielberger is survived by his wife, carol, and his son, nicholas. Exploratory factor analysis techniques were used to create a shortened, 6item scale, which accounted for 66. Pdf development and validation of a shortform version of the. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai has been used extensively in. Pdf the brazilian statetrait anxiety inventory has been widely used to measure state stais. Pdf a reliability and validity study of the statetrait anxiety inventory. The anxiety scale correlated highly with the standard questionnaire for measuring anxiety. Test anxiety inventory spielberger major reference. After determining the prevalence, 30 people who had high anxiety scores were randomly classified into two 15subject groups in experimental group and control group. Equivalent english and german versions of the statetrait depression scales stds were developed and presented to samples of american and german students who were comparable with regard to gender and age.
The participants included 300 sampled through spielberger test anxiety questionnaire and clinical interview. Testretest coefficients for this measure in the present study ranged from. Spielberger referred to it as a temporal crosssection in the emotional streamoflife of a person 3, p10. Statetrait anxiety inventory for adults staiad assessments. Children, with or without disability, are helped when pictures are used to support communication. You reproduce, administer, and score the staiad yourself. Data used were scores from spielberger s state trait anger expression inventory staxi and an anger theme drawing. Spielberger s statetrait anger expression inventory application azevedo et al. Anxiety, greater activation of the autonomic nervous system, and more self. The stai measures two types of anxiety state anxiety, or anxiety about an event, and trait anxiety, or anxiety level as a personal characteristic. The state trait anxiety inventory for children staic assessed the participants levels of s anxiety and t anxiety. Please print these pages out for your personal reference. The test anxiety inventory for children and adolescents taica is a new multidimensional measure used to assess test anxiety in elementary and secondary school students.
The population from which these subjects were drawn is essentially the. Similarly, the eigenvalues for three scales of test anxiety inventory ranged from 1. These values are added together to produce an anxiety score likert scoring. The statetrait anxiety inventory is the definitive instrument for measuring anxiety in adults. Make certain the appropriate key for each scale is placed on the test form and add the response values printed on the key for twenty items. Generating an epub file may take a long time, please be patient. While the scale is relatively new, it does identify about 18% of students as highly anxious, which is the national norm, and it is being used in several ongoing research projects.
The stai interchangeability rating related anxiety instruments was. For each item decide if it never applies to you mark 0. In our study we used the test anxiety inventory tai. Retest of state trait anxiety inventory stai among. During examinations, individuals high in test anxiety are more likely to experience frequent and intense elevations in anxiety as an emotional state s. The second scale is the trait anxiety scale t anxiety. A reliability and validity study of the statetrait anxiety inventory. The amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale. The spielberger statetrait inventory stai has been widely. Spielbergers statetrait anxiety inventory stai and. The test anxiety inventory for children and adolescents. Higher scores are positively correlated with higher levels of anxiety. The tai is a recently developed selfreport scale that was designed to meesure individual eifferen% in test anxiety as a situationspecific trait spielberger 1980, it consists of 20 items which are to be responded by using a fourpoint rating scale format. Reliability and factorial structure of the chinese version.
Internal consistency coefficients for the scale have ranged from. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the reliability and validity of the modified short statetrait anxiety inventory stai using a modified talking mats method in children undergoing day. The astate scale examines the shorterterm state anxiety that is commonly specific to situations. The most secure digital platform to get legally binding, electronically signed documents in just a few seconds. State anger is defined as a temporary emotional state while trait anger is a general tendency to react angrily to perceive situations. The scoring key is used for scoring the scales by hand. This scale evaluates relatively stable aspects of being prone to anxiety or to be anxious including general states of calmness, confidence, and security. The development of a sixitem shortform of the state.
Then, data were analyzed by spss at two levels descriptive and. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai of spielberger, gorsuch and lus. Reliability data revealed that the astate and atrait scales had a high internal consistency, and high itemtotal correlations were found for most of the items under each scale. Pdf the statetrait anxiety inventory for children is a selfreport instrument.
Statetrait anxiety inventory for adults mental health solutions. It can be used in clinical settings to diagnose anxiety and to distinguish it from depressive syndromes. Psychometric properties of the state trait inventory for. Respondents are asked to rate themselves on each item on the basis of a 4point likert scale, ranging from not at all to very much so for the stai state and from almost never to. Anxiety and behavior focuses on the analysis of factors and conditions that contribute to anxiety, including stress, emotional disturbance, and psychosomatic disorders. Scores items both positive and negative, so that left and right response bias does. Description of the stai the stai consists for a 40 items self evaluation questionnaire which includes separate measures of state and trait anxiety. Although its psychometric properties had already been assessed for brazilian. State anxiety can be defined as a transient momentary.
Twohundred ventilated patients were recruited from nine icus in the urban midwest. Results suggest that anger drawing theme is a function of maturity rather than level of. Spielberger, 1988 involves an integration of two previously developed inventories, the statetrait anger scale and the anger expression ax scale. Pdf statetrait anger expression inventory semantic. We look here at the benefits and shortcomings of several test anxiety scales. This can not be said about the scale of personal anxiety, which is focused on the knowledge of the inner world of man. The downloadable pdf file includes one copy of the staiad all forms, scoring keys, and. Factorial structure and equivalence of the two versions were determined by confirmatory factor analyses cfa. The 6item spielberger state anxiety scale has been used as a replacement of the original version in many healthcare studies. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai has been used extensively in research and. A sixth scale involves an arithmetic combination of the angerin, anger.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the shortened 6item spielberger state anxiety scale using rasch analysis in general medical practice patients n 297. State anxiety refers to transitory unpleasant feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness or worry, often accompanied by activation of the autonomic nervous system. The original scale incorporates 20 items that measure state. Worry and emotionality as separate components in test. Fill out, securely sign, print or email your state trait anxiety inventory form instantly with signnow. Test anxiety inventory tai spielberger, 1980, came closer than others to meeting the requirements of the study. The main aim was to develop a scale that could distinguish between state anxiety and trait anxiety. The chinese version of the statetrait anxiety inventory stai was administered to 2150 chinese secondaryschool students. Early measures of anxiety such as taylors 1953 manifest anxiety scale tmas characterized anxiety.
It prompts the child to rate 20 statements from hardly ever true to often true. Assessing childrens anxiety using the modified short statetrait. It also is often used in research as an indicator of caregiver distress. Spielberger s theory and measure of state and trait anxiety was examined in detail. Forms y1 and y2 staiad license to reproduce purchase staiad license to reproduce if you plan to administer the staiad via a paper and pencil survey.
The complexity of anxiety phenomena, the ambiguity and vagueness in theoretical conceptions of anxiety, the lack of appropriate measuring instruments, and ethical problems associated with inducing anxiety in laboratory settings, all contributed to the paucity of research. Pdf stai spielberger state trait anxiety inventory. According to studies by spielberger 1970, testretest correlations were calculated to be. The second block of questions of the spielberger khanin technique consists of such statements. The development of a sixitem shortform of the state scale of the spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory stai. The staistate anxiety scale assesses how an individual feels at the present time, whereas the staitrait anxiety scale evaluates a persons general state of calmness. Issues with reaction times yang cao and zhengkui liu chinese academy of sciences the statetrait anxiety inventory form y. Test anxiety total tait, test anxiety worry taiw, and test anxiety emotionality taie. Naval reserve from 1946 to 1979, retiring at the rank of commander. Preoperative anxiety complicates treatment and requires assessment by nurses in children. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai is a psychological inventory based on a 4point likert scale and consists of 40 questions on a selfreport basis.
The downloadable pdf file includes one copy of the staiad all forms, scoring keys, and permission to reproduceadminister the staiad for up to the. Reliability and validity of three shortened versions of the state. To clarify what is actually measured by the trait version of the statetrait anxiety inventory stai. Relationships among anger, anger drawing themes, and age are investigated in this followup study. Five independent subscales comprise the staxi, including state anger, trait anger, angerin, angerout, and anger control. Scores for both the sanxiety and the t anxiety scales can vary from a minimum of 20 to a maximum of 80. Spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory springerlink. The selection first offers information on theories and research on anxiety and the nature and measurement of anxiety. Statetrait anxiety inventory for children staic the. An instrument development study was conducted to develop a shortened scale from the 20item spielberger state anxiety inventory. Results indicated that individuals with higher levels of t anxiety used significantly less pencil pressure on all three drawing measures than individuals with lower levels of t anxiety. State trait anxiety inventory the discussion of state trait anxiety inventory is explained with the description of the stai and also the prior studies of stai. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Description download stai spielberger state trait anxiety inventory comments.
According to the literature we found that 1 women have a higher score on the anxiety items. The statetrait anxiety inventory has 40 items divided into two scales, s anxiety and t anxiety 20 items each. Three sixitem forms of the state anxiety inventory. A visual analogue anxiety scale has also been validated to measure anxiety in. It was designed to assess levels of state anxiety and traint anxiety, through 40 items scored by a likert scale. Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory stai spielberger 1983 is a selfreported instrument.
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